Sexual Harrasment

Sexual Harassment Topic: Human Resource Management/Sexual Harassment Characters: Paula, Management trainee in the Production Department of a medium-sized company Steve, Vice President of Production and Paula’s Manager Richard, Paula’s coworker and a Manager in Production Paula, a recent college graduate, is a newly hired manager in the Production Department of a medium-sized US Company. The first woman selected for this production training position, Paula takes her work very seriously. She has been with the organization for three months.For the first two months, she performed her duties very well, but during the last month, Steve, her boss, has noticed a change in Paula. She seems more tense and uneasy and is to not concentrating on her work as conscientiously as she previously did During the last month, Paula has been continually harassed by Richard, a coworker. At first she tried ignoring his jokes and sexual banter. However, his persistence has caused Paula have very uncomfortable feelings while she is at work and at home as well.Paula looked into the employee’s handbook concerning sexual harassment policies and found none. She really did not know what to do. Finally, after noticing her continually declining work, Steve asked her what was bothering her. She told him the problem and showed him information concerning the EEOC laws dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace she had found in a human resources textbook from college. She also said that she was considering taking action against Richard if his actions continued.Steve told her he was totally unaware of the problem but agreed something should be done. He asked her to investigate what the organization needed to do to stop this from occurring now and also to anyone else in the future. He also thanked Paula for her patience and honesty and also promised her that something would be done. What Are the Ethical Issues? 1. What is sexual harassment, and why is it prohibited? 2. What obligations does a company have to deal with sexual harassment issues?Does an organization have an obligation to establish written policies on sexual harassment? 3. What obligations does a manager have to deal with accusations or established incidents of sexual harassment among his subordinates? How should such incidents be handled? 4. What should be done with individuals who are accused of sexual harassment? What would be appropriate penalties for individuals found to have been involved in sexual harassment of others? 5. What obligation does a company and its managers have towards the victims of sexual harassment?What Actions Should Be Taken? 1. What actions should Paula take? 2. Should Steve address this current problem before he asks Paula to draft a harassment policy for the organization? 3. Is Paula the best choice to develop this document? 4. Should Richard be fired? Punished? 5. What are the choices Steve can take, and which would you choose? Why? 6. What ethical theories mak e the most sense (utilitarian, rights, justice) concerning this case? 7. What actions should Steve take? Sexual Harrasment Sexual harassment is a two word phrase which hopes to never be brought up in a fire department, legally or just in conversation. It is a despicable practice that is widely acceptable around the nation in fire departments and in business. However, it is not tolerated on the legal front, nor should it ever be condoned in a professional environment. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender is absolutely intolerable and is a plague on today’s fire service. Claims on sexual harassment arise all the time and are never short of horrendous and demeaning acts, as well as crude remarks against the plaintiff.Many legal issues arise when it comes to sexual harassment as so many aspects play into a claim of sexual harassment. The term ‘sexual harassment’ is defined as – â€Å"Unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, when submission to or rejection of this conduct affects an individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment† By J. Curtis Varone, Legal Considerations for Fire and emergency services, 2nd edition, page 421.Accordingly sexual harassment claims tend to include almost all the above elements as well as many more elements, be they physical or verbal. It is also broken down into two main categories. The two categories of sexual harassment are ‘quid pro quo’ (this for that) and ‘hostile work environment’. Quid Pro Quo sexual harassment – â€Å"Occurs when the employee’s employment opportunities or benefits are granted or denied because of an individual’s submission to sexual advances or requests for sexual favors. † Varone, 421.Such examples of this kind of sexual harassment would include a female firefighter being denied a promotion unless she submitted to a perverse act entirely u nrelated to the typical means of promotion. Often times, such harassment only occurs whereby the supervisor is the harasser, making the employer strictly liable for the claim. Hostile Work Environment sexual harassment â€Å"Occurs when unwelcome sexual conduct unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or has the effect of creating an intimidating or offensive work environment†Varone, 422. Such related examples do not even need to relate to employment opportunities or anything related under ‘quid pro quo’ harassment. It is possible for hostile work environment harassment to occur when either the employer or supervisor should have known about the event occurring, or that the said supervisor should have done something about it. Possible examples include sexually oriented comments, display of sexually oriented material in the workplace, sexually oriented demeaning names or obscene remarks or jokes to the harassed individual.Often more time s than not, hostile work environment harassment is more common than quid pro quo. Statistics on sexual harassment are surprisingly low compared to other types of harassment or discrimination. Sexual harassment is under-represented due to fear of punishment or disciplinary action. The EEOC puts out statistics every year on the matter. The year of 2011 was the lowest amount of claims year in the past decade; however, the damages done are no less degrading. The below table is based upon EEOC statistics. EEOC Sexual Harassment Claims: 2011 Statistics |Total Claims filed | 11,364| % of Charges Filed by Males | 16. 3%| | Claims Resolutions by Type: | Number | Percent | Settlements | 1,367| 10. 9% | Withdrawals w/Benefits | 1,150| 9. 1% | Administrative Closures | 2,635 | 21. 0%| No Reasonable Cause | 6,658| 53. 0%| Reasonable Cause | 761| 6. 1%| Successful Conciliations | 288| 2. 3%| Unsuccessful Conciliations | 473| 3. 8%| Merit Resolutions | 3,278 | 26. 1%| Total Settlement Dollars | $5 2,300,000| Compared to previous years, 2011 has been substantially lower in amount of claims of sexual harassment.Also seen is the financial burden that sexual harassment carries. It is by no means unreasonable for the amount and extent of damages that occur for the affected individuals. Real examples of sexual harassment in the media are ever prevalent today. One such recent example comes from Phoenix, Arizona. The female plaintiff alleges that she endured years of demeaning names and remarks as well as having been passed up for promotion where it was due. She issued a $70,000 lawsuit against the City of Phoenix. A case very similar to this is the Julia M.O’Rourke v City of Providence case from the early 90’s, which I think will be similar to the final outcome of the City of Phoenix case. Julia M. O’Rourke was one of the first female firefighters in the history of the Providence fire department. She started with 6 other women in the process of the fire departme nts academy in January of 1992. After which, O’Rourke was hired under the city’s new affirmative action policy. It wasn’t until this point that the Chief of the department made a sexual harassment policy. The policy stated was to keep sexual related content, be it media, or remarks out of the department.It also stated that the supervisor of each station was responsible to enforce the policy. Also added was a course on sensitivity training as well as a sexual harassment course. Prior to even being fully employed, Julia experienced many instances of sexual harassment during the academy. Almost every instance can be tied to hostile work environment sexual harassment. On numerous occasions, one specific academy member, Ferro, was found to be discussing overly sexual opinions, displaying pornographic content to other members as well as making remarks specifically to O’Rourke.In one specific event, Ferro pointed to O’Rourke’s breasts and claimed t hat she was â€Å"stacked†, in the company of many other students at a water training exercise. Ferro continued to be a general problem for O’Rourke during the course of the academy. Even after making through the academy and being hired on at engine 5, B shift, the harassment did not stop, in fact, it got worse. Instead of just from a co-worker, harassment was now coming from the company officer on her shift. A specific event occurred where the company officer threw pieces of paper with O’Rourkes number out of the engine while going past a bar in the own. Despite being asked to stop by O’Rourke, the company officer continued and laughed. Also at one point, she was warned that there was the possibility of there being a closed circuit camera in her bunk room. She felt completely invaded and violated in a place that should feel at the very least safe. Volatile treatment like this continued to occur for the next 2 years. Finally in September of 1994, Oâ€℠¢Rourke sought out the City’s EEO officer. This finally got the ball rolling to straighten out and shed justice on the issue.Final verdicts won for O’Rourke throughout the year of 1997 on numerous cases on the basis of hostile work environment sexual harassment. O’Rourke was victorious in receiving her dues on the basis of sexual harassment. I feel that the Phoenix Arizona case will play out similarly, but only time will tell as there is not much information so far on the exact events or court trials. Ultimately, sexual harassment will continue to plague the fire service until people become more tolerable of others differences.Sexual harassment is immensely degrading for the affected individual and is nothing short of driving a person to inadequacy. It should never be tolerated in the workplace or professional environment and certainly has no place in the fire service. The main virtue is that a person can do the job. That is the only merit that holds true, but d iscrimination on the basis of gender or sexual preference simply isn’t a proper means of deciding whether or not an individual should be able to perform in this job.It is my hope that there will continue to be a downward trend in sexual harassment claims and actual occurrences as the practice of such is horrendous. Works Cited – Varone, J. C. (2006). Legal considerations for fire and emergency services. Delmar Pub. Resendez, M. E. (Writer) (2012). In ABC 15. Phoenix, AZ: ABC. Retrieved from http://www. abc15. com/dpp/news/region_phoenix_metro/central_phoenix/70k-sexual-harassment-lawsuit-prompts-big-changes-at-the-Phoenix-Fire-Department Eeoc. Retrieved from http://www. eeoc. gov/ Sexual Harrasment Sexual Harassment Topic: Human Resource Management/Sexual Harassment Characters: Paula, Management trainee in the Production Department of a medium-sized company Steve, Vice President of Production and Paula’s Manager Richard, Paula’s coworker and a Manager in Production Paula, a recent college graduate, is a newly hired manager in the Production Department of a medium-sized US Company. The first woman selected for this production training position, Paula takes her work very seriously. She has been with the organization for three months.For the first two months, she performed her duties very well, but during the last month, Steve, her boss, has noticed a change in Paula. She seems more tense and uneasy and is to not concentrating on her work as conscientiously as she previously did During the last month, Paula has been continually harassed by Richard, a coworker. At first she tried ignoring his jokes and sexual banter. However, his persistence has caused Paula have very uncomfortable feelings while she is at work and at home as well.Paula looked into the employee’s handbook concerning sexual harassment policies and found none. She really did not know what to do. Finally, after noticing her continually declining work, Steve asked her what was bothering her. She told him the problem and showed him information concerning the EEOC laws dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace she had found in a human resources textbook from college. She also said that she was considering taking action against Richard if his actions continued.Steve told her he was totally unaware of the problem but agreed something should be done. He asked her to investigate what the organization needed to do to stop this from occurring now and also to anyone else in the future. He also thanked Paula for her patience and honesty and also promised her that something would be done. What Are the Ethical Issues? 1. What is sexual harassment, and why is it prohibited? 2. What obligations does a company have to deal with sexual harassment issues?Does an organization have an obligation to establish written policies on sexual harassment? 3. What obligations does a manager have to deal with accusations or established incidents of sexual harassment among his subordinates? How should such incidents be handled? 4. What should be done with individuals who are accused of sexual harassment? What would be appropriate penalties for individuals found to have been involved in sexual harassment of others? 5. What obligation does a company and its managers have towards the victims of sexual harassment?What Actions Should Be Taken? 1. What actions should Paula take? 2. Should Steve address this current problem before he asks Paula to draft a harassment policy for the organization? 3. Is Paula the best choice to develop this document? 4. Should Richard be fired? Punished? 5. What are the choices Steve can take, and which would you choose? Why? 6. What ethical theories mak e the most sense (utilitarian, rights, justice) concerning this case? 7. What actions should Steve take?

Customer Satisfaction and Quality Care Essay

In this competitive health care environment, consumers want and expect better health care services and hospital systems are concerned about maintaining their overall image. There is also attention to ways in which patient satisfaction measurement can be integrated into an overall measure of clinical quality. To begin, review the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey (H.C.A.H.P.S.) available at (http://tinyurl.com/4272s7l). Next, visit the Hospital Compare website (http://www.hospitalcompare.hhs.gov), and follow these steps: 1. Type in your zip code   2. Ensure that â€Å"general search† is selected for the search type 3. Click on the â€Å"Find Hospitals† button 4. Select one of the hospitals by checking the box next to the hospital name and click on â€Å"Compare† 5. Review the survey of patients’ hospital experiences For the selected hospital, identify one satisfaction measurement criteria that you recommend for improvement. In your opinion, how might this customer satisfaction factor relate to quality outcomes? Provide a concrete example that supports your opinion. Additionally, identify at least three barriers that exist in the health care setting that could have an impact on the customer satisfaction score you selected. Be sure to state at least one structural barrier and one process barrier and describe the barriers you identified. (Refer to pg. 156 of your textbook for definitions of structure and process barriers) Finally, review the quality improvement tools presented in Chapter 3 of your textbook. Select a tool that a health care organization might use to study a process barrier related to the customer-satisfaction factor you identified. Explain why you selected the tool and how it could be used. Your paper should be two to three pages (excluding title and reference pages) and should contain at least two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library. It should be formatted according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Mysterious Motives How Lying And Deceit Shape Detective...

Mysterious Motives: How Lying and Deceit Shape Detective Stories The Hound of the Baskervilles, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and The Maltese Falcon, by Dashiell Hammett both exemplify classic detective stories. With secrets and red herrings behind every corner, Sam Spade and Sherlock Holmes try to pinpoint a culprit and solve a case. However, their stories become more complicated when their own secrets are thrown into the mix. When it comes murder, everyone has something to hide, and anyone could be guilty of committing the crime. Even the motives and actions of the story’s â€Å"heroes† are called into question. In this paper, I will explore how everyone--from the detectives to the victims--has something to hide, and why this makes interactions and criminal cases so intriguing. Early on, Watson and Holmes are introduced to the Baskerville case by Dr. James Mortimer. For centuries, they discover, the Baskerville estate has existed in the gloomy shadow of the Hound, a cons tant threat that looms over the family. Centuries earlier, Sir Hugo Baskerville had died under mysterious circumstances- his death attributed to the hound. His descendant, Sir Charles, died under similar circumstances recently. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson make it their responsibility to protect Sir Henry Baskerville from the omnipotent hound. At first, the readers immediately suspect Barrymore, Sir Henry’s butler. Watson and Holmes become suspicious when they find out that he plans to leave his job.

Communist Dictator Jospeh Stalin - 852 Words

As one of the most ruthless Communist dictators of all time, Joseph Stalin only strived to lead the Soviet Union in becoming a powerhouse and a key player in the global market. Stalin concluded that in order for the Soviet Union to compete against the economic successes of the Western world, rapid industrialization needed to occur. In 1928, Stalin switched the economic plans from Lenin’s NEP (New Economic Policy) to the Five Year Plan. The plan’s goal was to convert the Soviet Union from an agricultural state to an industrial country through urbanization. Before Stalin came to power, the Soviet Union was almost a medieval country where the roads were not paved and the people lived in villages deprived of electricity. However, the Five Year Plan was Stalin’s attempt to transform the Soviet Union’s economy. To bring the Soviet Union up to speed with the rest of the world, Stalin emphasized the importance of heavy industry production in areas such as; coal, i ron, steel, electricity, cement, metals, timber etc. Factories were established where all of the peasants were required to work. Of course, this entailed working in harsh conditions, for every factory was given set targets (that were seemingly impossible) to fulfill. Workers would be publicly humiliated or sent to prison camps if mistakes were made or if they did not show up to work since this was considered an act of treason. Stalin demanded a 110% increase in coal production, a 200% increase in iron production and a

O Worship the King Essay - 839 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The hymn â€Å"O Worship the King† the great hymn that is still being used today in churches. Sir Robert Grant was the writer of this hymn. He wrote this hymn to reflect on how great God is and what great things He does for us. God is very worthy to be worship and praised. Sir Robert Grant brings out many areas of God that would cause us to worship Him. This song is taken out of Psalm 104, where the psalmist is showing the greatness of God. This song was written in sometime during Sir Robert Grant’s life. It is in 10:10 meter. The hymn was composed by William Gardiner’s Sacred Melodies in 1815 and was arranged from Johann Michael Haydn. This hymn can be found in most all hymn books. It shows a lot of passion for†¦show more content†¦He also found time to sketch the history of the East India Company. While all this was going on in his life, he still found time to write a famous hymn. One day as he was reading William Kethes translation of Psalm 104 in a 1561 psalm book he decided to write his own version. He wrote what many call the greatest hymn in the English language: â€Å"O Worship the King.† After writing the hymn he went on to take a high position at the East India Company. As time went on people saw of his goodness and asked him to be governor of Bombay. He accepted in 1834 and with this position he was able to put his concerns of social issues in to practice. He built many new roads to a go along with helping the poverty and spiritual condition of the people. He only held this position as governor for four years and died on July 9, 1838 at the age of 59. The people really grew to love him and were very saddened by his death. Sir Jamshedji a well-known Parsi built a medical college and named it in the honor of Sir Robert Grant. It is now the second oldest medical college in India. Composer The composer of â€Å"O Worship the King† was William Gardiner’s Sacred Melodies in 1815 and was arranged from Johann Michael Haydn. Johann Michael Haydn was an Austrian composer, the younger brother of Joseph Haydn. Michael Haydn was born on September 14, 1737 in Rohrau. Like his brother, he was a chorister at St Stephens inShow MoreRelatedThe Sermon Of The Pastor Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagesheads; O you gates! And be lifted up, you everlasting doors! And the King of glory shall come in. Who is this King of glory? The Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle. Lift up your heads; O you gates! Lift up, you everlasting doors! And the King of glory shall come in. Who is this King of glory? The Lord of hosts; He is the king of glory. Opening Prayer †¢ Blessed be the Lord of Israel who has kept His promise by allowing us to consecrate today this building/church. 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Current Status and Future Directions †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Current Status and Future Directions Management. Answer: Incidence of Depression in Australia Depression is defined as a sudden affliction that is being experienced by almost everyone who is passing from certain complications in life. Depression is characterized by increase in the level of stress that leads to loss of close interpersonal relationships management along with alarming deceleration of the self-esteem. Depression is a common mental disorder and it manifests due to passivity, feelings of sudden failure, feeling of loss (family member or close friends) and a sense of helplessness in life or job and lack of mental support in the family or in the friend circle. The Oxford English Dictionary defines depression as a mental condition characterized by severe feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy, typically accompanied by a lack of energy and interest in life. Depression hampers the synchronization of the daily routine activities of a person like job, sleeping, eating or conversation with people (Irwig, 2012). Depression, a form of mood disorder, occurs in 6.2% of the Australian population (Bennett Shepherd, 2013). According to research, complex combination of genetic backup, psychological backup and surrounding environment factors play a major role in the generation of depression among the people (Khanam, Bukhari, 2015). In majority of the cases, people suffering from depression experiences severe anxiety, making the overall scenario complicated (Sowislo, Orth, 2013). Epidemiological evidence suggests that out of the one million of depressed adults in Australia, women experiencing depression are significantly greater in numbers than that of men (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010) with varying prevalence rate. It can be a regarded as the significant cause behind the disability in the world (Bennett Shepherd, 2013).Depression cast an adverse effect on both mental and physical health of a person. It is also assumedthat it contributesto an increase in the risk of comorbid chronic health conditions and increase the susceptibility of the life style diseases such as cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. These diseases in turn further contribute to the complexity of the depression. Women are more vulnerable towards going down inside severe depression in the time of childbirth. Almost 16 per cent of the first time mothers are affected by postpartum depression (Loxton et al, 2010). The level of postnatal depression becomes more severe if the mother is young (18 to 27 years of age). Moreover, the depression coping capacities among the women is hit hard due to several disturbing family issues. The issues include stereotypic gender roles, family problems and caring responsibilities. The higher rates of depression has also been observed among the indigenous group of the Australian women and other with chronic or fatal disease. Australian women who are suffering from skin problems and poor body image also pass on to depression. Older women on the other hand, are at the lower risk of developing depression. Therefore, it is the high time to expand the knowledge of depression among the women and at the same time, enhance the responsiveness of the health service towards t he quality living of women (especially for the work group) who are at the risk of developing depression ((Bennett Shepherd, 2013). Incidence of Suicide in Australia Suicide is the outcome of the deliberate act undertaken with an intention to end ones life by own. According to the World Health Organization (2014), each year, 800,000 people loss their life from suicide. This private act of ending ones life has a profound negative impact of the lives of the family members who are directly associated with the person committing suicide. In spite of high degree of socio-economic costs inflicted upon the affected individuals, associated family and the concerned communities management, suicide still remains an unexplored, misunderstood and under-researched reason of death. One of major driving force that compels a person on committing suicide is depression. It has been estimated that 50% of individuals who commit sufferfrom depressive illness (Cummins et al, 2015). Apart from depression, other major factors that are found responsible behind the suicidal attempts are severe anxiety, irritability, persistent insomnia, uncontrollable aggression, self-guilt , incurable illness, concomitant alcohol addiction and other biological crisis like pregnancy, adolescence and climacterium. Apart from personal disorders, several environmental factors also promote suicidal thoughts like broken family, previous family history, occupational and financial difficulty and loss of religious afflictions. Australia records high occurrence of suicide. As per the statistical report published in the year of 2015, suicide rate of 12.6 per 100,000 in Australia (the data is highest in terms of comparison with the last 10 years data) (Statistics on Suicide in Australia, 2017). The estimated research suggests that at least 3027 deaths have occurred in Australia as a result of suicide this equates to more than 8 individual committing suicide per day in Australia. Unnatural death by means of suicide in males is at last three times greater than the females. However, in 2016-2017, the rate of suicides among the female residents of Australia is significantly higher than that of the males. Moreover, 30 people attempt to commit suicide each day (Statistics on Suicide in Australia, 2017) but remain unsuccessful. Pregnancy is a special risk factor for suicide among the females and if the mother is young then the probability of attempting suicide increases. Women however, during the first year of childbirth and during the last trimester of pregnancy are at a low risk of committing suicide despite of their high psychiatric morbidity rate. The motherhood seems to shield a mother from committing suicide. Suicide because of depression is also common among the college students in Australia. The main stressor of generating suicidal thoughts among the college students are high academic demands, financial pressures due to educational loan and disturbed family background like separation between parents, single parent or premature death of parents. A survey with undergraduate students demonstrated 44.3% students experience emotional complexities. This emotional complexity generates depression that directly affects their academic performance (Clifford, Doran Tsey, 2013). National College Health Assessment Survey (2005) also reported similar results. According to the report, the students are undergoing such a extreme depression that it became extremely problematic for them to study diligently during the semesters and they opted to end their life via committing suicide (Delfabbro et al., 2013). One of the most important factors that have contributed to Elizabeths mental condition and health risk is postpartum depression (PPD). PPD affects 10 to 20% of the mother following the child birth. Some of the risk factors that make a mother more susceptible towards the PPD are lack of social support or social life, negative life events and a family history of depression (O'hara McCabe, 2013). Elizabeth has a family history of depression. Her mother experienced anxiety and depression during her first pregnancy, which required anti-depressant medication and mental health in-patient care after suicidal behaviours. Prior to pregnancy, Elizabeth and her husband Craig used to have a trending social life. They used to visit pubs with their friends during every weekend. They even used to travel internationally for two holidays. However, after Elizabeth got pregnant and her husband Craig got a new truck driving job, their weekly routine of social hangover got hampered. This lack of social qu otient in life is further decelerated as Elizabeth is on maternity since one month before delivery. She is finding this isolation from the work and colleagues extremely difficult. Moreover, the rental company contacted Elizabeth several days ago stating that the house owners of their rented apartment may terminate their rental agreement in two months as they want to live there themselves. This advanced notice of sudden loss of home casted negative impact on the young mother, Elizabeth. The second most important factors that have contributed to Elizabeths mental condition and health risk are the occurrence of high blood pressure. High blood pressure level is linked with faster decline in the specific cognitive domains. Significant high blood pressure rate leads to faster deterioration of the neuropsychological condition leading to depression. Moreover, high blood pressure is directly proportional with hypertension and the latter is again dependent on the current family equilibrium. Elizabeth is only 21 years old, too young to be a mother. Moreover, her husband is also young (22 years old) and they had a courtship only 18 months before they decided to live-in and now they are parents of 2 weeks old baby. Now, such a young age means lack of real time experience and thus generation the root of hypertension. Elizabeth is sad because her baby was suffering from breathing problems since birth, she has been threatened by the tenant to leave their rented apartment and there is no mental support from her husband as he is mostly busy with his new job. All these ignite the embryo of hypertension, leading to depression (Goldstein, LeveySteenland, 2013). Ethical principle of beneficence addresses the concept that the action of nurses should promote something good, something that is best for the patient care. Ethical principle for non-maleficence states that nurses must not harm patient. In both the cases, nurses must ensure that they must act strictly for the mental and physical benefit for Elizabeth. The urgent mental risk of Elizabeth is she can commit suicide out of sheer depression as Elizabeth informed the once she walked to the chemist shop for buying baby formulae milk she bought two packets of pain killers with the intension to overdose. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) CBT is based on patients thought, the mind set he or she is nurturing at that very phase of life along with other physical sensation like hallucination, headache, tremor, increased in heart beat, anxiety and palpitation. The concept of CBT is based on the fact that there lies a strong interconnection between the emotional thoughts both in subconscious and in conscious mind. These complex interconnection at times leads to the generation of negative thoughts, trapping patients in a vicious cycle (Jones et al., 2012). CBT first breaks the principal mental illness into small sub parts. While doing so, it becomes easier of the nurses or the psychologist to council the patients. In case of Elizabeth CBT will start via breaking her postpartum depression into several small fragments, like lack of social life, long leave from job, lack of quality time with the partner, threat in social security and previous family history of depression. However, CBT gives importance to the current problems an d does not give preference in focusing on the past issues. This practical approach generates less stress over the patient as they are not forced to recollect their past horrifying memory and hence, helping them to cure easily (Hofmann et al., 2012). Mini mental state examination tool is a questionnaire that consists of 30 questions, which helps to measure the cognitive stage of the patients. This is mainly used to assess the condition of the patients, who are suffering from mental health illness. The patient, Elizabeth is suffering from PPN. She needs the appropriate care with the medical treatment. The assessment tool can help to assess the severity as well as the progression of the cognitive impairment. Before taking any approach to the treatment, the condition of the patient needs to be assessed. The assessed information needs to be documented. This documented information can help in the treatment to check the difference of the cognitive stage of the patient (Arevalo-Rodriguez et al., 2015). A mental health problem from which Elizabeth is supposedly suffering from is PPD. PPD or postnatal depression is a type of mood disorder which occurs after child birth and are mostly prevalent in women. Promotion of breast feeding as breastfeeding is found to reduce the suicidal thoughts and depression (Figueiredo, Canrio Field, 2014). Nursing triggers the release of the oxytocin hormone, which promotes nurturing and mental relaxation. Oxytocin helps the inflated uterus to contract after delivery and reduce the rate of internal postpartum bleeding. Moreover, high concentration of oxytocin in blood lowers the blood pressure and thus reducing stress. Apart of stress relieving benefits, breastfeeding also helps the newborn child to develop a connection with his or her mother via skin-to-skin contact happening during breast feeding (Ahn Corwin, 2015). Psychodynamic therapy It is also known as insight-orientedorpsychoanalytictherapy (Driessen et al., 2013). This therapy examines the complexities of interpersonal relationships. In case of Elizabeth it will analyze her relationship with her mother, husband and her child. Via the wavelength and the magnitude of the inter-personal relationship the therapy will eventually study the factors that have lead to the change her thoughts or behavior. In one word, it can be described as traditional talk therapy. In this therapy, the nurse will try to understand Elizabeths difficulties in the context of who she is as an individual. The therapy will look inside the family background, history of upbringing and current scenario into consideration. References Ahn, S., Corwin, E. J. (2015).The association between breastfeeding, the stress response, inflammation, and postpartum depression during the postpartum period: Prospective cohort study.International journal of nursing studies,52(10), 1582-1590. Arevalo-Rodriguez, I., Smailagic, N., i Figuls, M. R., Ciapponi, A., Sanchez-Perez, E., Giannakou, A., ... Cullum, S. (2015). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimers disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).BJPsych Advances,21(6), 362-362. Bennett, K. S., Shepherd, J. M. (2013).Depression in Australian women: The varied roles of spirituality and social support.Journal of health psychology,18(3), 429-438. Clifford, A. C., Doran, C. M., Tsey, K. (2013).A systematic review of suicide prevention interventions targeting indigenous peoples in Australia, United States, Canada and New Zealand.BMC public health,13(1), 463. Cummins, N., Scherer, S., Krajewski, J., Schnieder, S., Epps, J., Quatieri, T. F. (2015). A review of depression and suicide risk assessment using speech analysis.Speech Communication,71, 10-49. Delfabbro, P. H., Winefield, H. R., Winefield, A. H. (2013).Life-time and current suicide-ideation in Australian secondary school students: Socio-demographic, health and psychological predictors.Journal of affective disorders,151(2), 514-524. Figueiredo, B., Canrio, C., Field, T. (2014). Breastfeeding is negatively affected by prenatal depression and reduces postpartum depression.Psychological medicine,44(5), 927-936. Goldstein, F. C., Levey, A. I., Steenland, N. K. (2013).High blood pressure and cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,61(1), 67-73. Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A. (2012).The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses.Cognitive therapy and research,36(5), 427-440. Irwig, M. S. (2012). Depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts among former users of finasteride with persistent sexual side effects.The Journal of clinical psychiatry,73(9), 1220-1223. Izard, C. E. (2013).Patterns of emotions: A new analysis of anxiety and depression.Academic Press. Jones, C., Hacker, D., Cormac, I., Meaden, A., Irving, C. B. (2012).Cognitive behavioural therapy versus other psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia.The Cochrane Library. Khanam, S. J., Bukhari, S. R. (2015).Depression as a predictor of academic performance in male and female university students.Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society,12(2), 15-17. Loxton, D., Byrne, M. J. M., Rich, M. J. L., Byles, J. E. (2010).Prevalence and Correlates of Depression among Australian Women: A Systematic Literature Review January 1999-January 2010. O'hara, M. W., McCabe, J. E. (2013). Postpartum depression: current status and future directions.Annual review of clinical psychology,9, 379-407. Statistics on Suicide in Australia.(2017).Lifeline.org.au. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.lifeline.org.au/about-lifeline/lifeline-information/statistics-on-suicide-in-australia Thombs, B. D., Coyne, J. C., Cuijpers, P., De Jonge, P., Gilbody, S., Ioannidis, J. P., ...Ziegelstein, R. C. (2012). Rethinking recommendations for screening for depression in primary care.Canadian Medical Association Journal,184(4), 413-418. World Health Organisation, 2014.Preventing Suicide: A Global 3596 Imperative. Geneva.

Mars And Venus United By Love Essays - Sexuality In Ancient Rome

Mars And Venus United By Love Mars and Venus United by Love by Paolo Veronese is done in the Renaissance style of painting. This is done in this style, because Poalo Veroneses was a Renaissance painter as well as his teacher Titan. The painting takes place in Rome in the Mythological Era. It is not known who commissioned this work. Emperor Rudolf II in Prague owned this piece of artwork as well as four others of Veroneses paintings. Mars is the God of war; and Venus is the Goddess of love.(These are the Roman names for the Greek Gods; which in Greek Venus was called Aphrodite and Mars was actually called Aries.) The theme of this painting has to do with Roman mythology. Cupid is tying Mars and Venus together. There are many different explanations that people have came up with to explain this painting. There is always that tie between love and war, even the saying make love not war. The most common translation would be [Venus, the woman symbolizes chastity transformed by love into charity and that the horse held back by an armed cupid is an emblem of passion restrained](Metropolitan Museum of Art, pg.185) The painting clearly shows Mars and Venus being tied together by a cupid. So I can see why this is the most popular translation of this painting. My personal response was really strong after seeing the painting for the first time. As soon as I saw this painting I knew that it had a deeper meaning to it; and not just some people being tied together by a cupid. I knew right away that it had to do with Roman mythology just from the names. After looking at this painting for a while there is still something that the artist is trying to portray, that is really tough. It feels like there is more going on than what seems. The painting has such a calm tone to it but it gives a little hint of roughness with the sword and the horse, which I think, helps to balance this painting. There is sort of sneakiness to this painting being that it is sort of hidden behind this wall, and that the column of the centaur seems to be looking down at them with a grin on his face. There is one question that I still havent figured out, and would like to know. That is what is going on behind the actual painting, During that time in mythology? What was going on to cause this unification of Mars and Venus? Arts Essays